Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

286
Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
286
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

1.1K
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
1.1K
Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes01:23

Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes

3.2K
The liver plays a pivotal role in eliminating drugs and their metabolites, primarily through a process known as biliary excretion. This process involves the hepatocytes, the primary cells in the liver that generate bile. A range of transporters actively expels polar drugs or hydrophilic drug metabolites into the bile, which transports the drugs and metabolites into the small intestine. From here, they are eventually expelled from the body through feces. In some instances, the original drug or a...
3.2K
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

101
Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
101
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

1.4K
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
1.4K
Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions01:14

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions

4.7K
Phase II reactions are essential for the detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body. These reactions involve the conjugation of parent drugs or their phase I metabolites with endogenous molecules, resulting in more hydrophilic drug conjugates. The primary conjugation reactions in this phase are sulfation and glucuronidation. Both sulfation and glucuronidation typically produce biologically inactive metabolites. However, in some cases involving prodrugs, active metabolites may be...
4.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Buprenorphine/naloxone versus methadone and lofexidine in community stabilisation and detoxification: A randomised controlled trial of low dose short-term opiate-dependent individuals.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)·2017
Same author

The clinical use of buprenorphine in opiate addiction: evidence and practice.

Acta neuropsychiatrica·2016
Same author

Single bright light exposure decreases sweet taste threshold in healthy volunteers.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)·2013
Same author

Opiate agonists and antagonists modulate taste perception in opiate-maintained and recently detoxified subjects.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)·2013
Same author

Taste and weight: is there a link?

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2009
Same author

Human taste thresholds are modulated by serotonin and noradrenaline.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2006

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

11.3K

Pharmacological strategies for detoxification.

Alison M Diaper1, Fergus D Law, Jan K Melichar

  • 1Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|October 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Safe substance detoxification involves a few weeks of treatment, combining therapy and medication. This overview covers opioids, alcohol, stimulants, cannabis, benzodiazepines, and nicotine, highlighting treatment needs and research gaps.

Keywords:
alcoholcannabiscocainedetoxificationnicotineopioid

More Related Videos

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods
09:29

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods

Published on: August 4, 2022

1.8K
Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures
10:44

Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures

Published on: March 28, 2017

12.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

11.3K
Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods
09:29

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods

Published on: August 4, 2022

1.8K
Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures
10:44

Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures

Published on: March 28, 2017

12.7K

Area of Science:

  • Addiction Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Detoxification is the safe cessation of substance dependence, separate from relapse prevention.
  • Treatment duration varies based on substance, dependence severity, and available support.
  • Effective detoxification relies on integrating psychosocial therapies with pharmacological interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current detoxification strategies for various substances of dependence.
  • To identify pharmacological and psychosocial treatments for opioid, alcohol, stimulant, cannabis, benzodiazepine, and nicotine withdrawal.
  • To highlight limitations in current evidence and areas for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for substance detoxification.
  • Examination of treatments for specific substances including opioids, alcohol, stimulants, cannabis, benzodiazepines, and nicotine.
  • Assessment of the evidence base for recommended treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Opioid, alcohol, benzodiazepine, and nicotine detoxification have established pharmacological treatments (e.g., methadone, benzodiazepines, nicotine replacement therapy).
  • Stimulant and cannabis detoxification currently lack clear recommended pharmacological treatments.
  • Optimal treatment doses and regimens require further investigation through robust controlled trials.

Conclusions:

  • Detoxification protocols vary significantly by substance, with established treatments for some but not others.
  • Integrated care combining psychosocial support and pharmacotherapy is crucial for successful outcomes.
  • Further research is essential to refine treatment protocols and address evidence gaps in substance detoxification.