ABO incompatible living donor kidney transplantation in Korea: highly uniform protocols and good medium-term outcome

The organ shortage is as serious in Korea as in other parts of the world. As about one-third of the potential living donors are ABO incompatible (ABOi), transplantation across the blood group barrier can help overcome this shortage. One hundred and twenty-five ABOi kidney transplantations (KTs) were performed between 2007 and 2010 in Korea. We collected the perioperative and follow-up data for 118 of these patients until September 2011. The preconditioning and immunosuppressive protocols were almost identical across the different transplant centers, with rituximab but no splenectomy; pre-transplant plasmapheresis (PP) with target anti-A/B titer 8 or 16 on transplant day, on-demand, rather than routine, post-transplant PP, and tacrolimus-based immunosuppressants. The number of patients and participating centers showed a rapid increase over time, and in 2010, ABOi KT (n = 79) comprised 10% of all the living donor KTs in Korea. The mean follow-up period was 21 months (range, 1-56 months). Sixteen (14%) patients developed acute rejection, and three of these had antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Two-yr patient and graft survival were 99.2% and 97.5%, respectively. No graft was lost due to AMR. ABOi KT is rapidly expanding in Korea with excellent medium-term outcome and will help mitigate the organ shortage.