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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Selective memories: infants' encoding is enhanced in selection via suppression.

Julie Markant1, Dima Amso

  • 1Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, USA.

Developmental Science
|October 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Infants

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Inhibitory visual selection mechanisms are crucial for memory formation.
  • Distractor interference during encoding can impair memory recall.
  • Understanding attention's role in memory development is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if inhibitory visual selection limits distractor interference in memory encoding.
  • To investigate the role of inhibition of return (IOR) versus facilitation in infant memory.
  • To examine the interaction between attention and memory systems in development.

Main Methods:

  • A modified spatial cueing task with 9-month-old infants.
  • Encoding multiple category exemplars under IOR (suppression) versus facilitation conditions.

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  • Testing for item-specific learning and category abstraction.

    • Main Results:

    • Infants in the IOR condition demonstrated both item-specific learning and category abstraction.
    • Infants in the facilitation condition did not show discrimination between novel and familiar items.
    • Learning in the IOR condition was specific to spatial cueing and not timing-related.

    Conclusions:

    • Developing inhibitory selective attention enhances memory encoding efficacy.
    • Interactions between attention and memory systems are critical for cognitive development.
    • Inhibitory mechanisms play a vital role in limiting interference during memory formation.