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Human enterovirus 71 epidemics: what's next?
Cyril C Y Yip1, Susanna K P Lau, Patrick C Y Woo
1Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Emerging Health Threats Journal
|October 15, 2013
Summary
Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and severe complications. Genotypic shifts and recombination events in EV71 have led to significant outbreaks, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) has caused widespread epidemics globally over the past 40 years.
- EV71 is a primary cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children, with potential for severe neurological and cardiorespiratory complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the genotypic evolution and recombination patterns of EV71.
- To highlight the emergence of novel EV71 genotypes and their association with outbreaks.
- To emphasize the need for continuous surveillance and molecular detection of EV71.
Main Methods:
- Genomic surveillance of EV71 strains.
- Analysis of genotypic changes and recombination events.
- Molecular detection techniques for EV71.
Main Results:
- Significant genotypic diversification and recombination events in EV71 have been observed, especially in the Asia-Pacific region since the late 1990s.
- Novel 'double-recombinant' EV71 strains of genotype D have predominated in mainland China and Hong Kong.
- Co-circulation of genotype D with other EV71 subgenotypes and coxsackie A viruses has been noted.
Conclusions:
- Continuous genomic surveillance is crucial for identifying emerging EV71 mutants and recombinants.
- Rapid and sensitive molecular detection methods are essential for managing and preventing EV71 outbreaks.
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