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Complement System

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CD46: the 'multitasker' of complement proteins.

Hidekazu Yamamoto¹, Antonella Francesca Fara, Prokar Dasgupta

¹Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; The Urology Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundations Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK.

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology

|October 15, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system, particularly CD46 (membrane cofactor protein), is crucial for innate immunity and significantly impacts adaptive immunity by regulating immune cell responses, especially in CD4(+) T cells.

Keywords:

(CBF1/Su(H)/Lag-1) transcription factor complex ADAM AMD AP-1 Autoimmunity B-cell lymphoma 2 Bcl-2 CCL CCP CD46 CD46 cytoplasmic domain 1 or 2 CSL CYT-1 or CYT-2 Complement DC DLG4 DLL ERK1/2 FLT3 FLT3L FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand G protein-coupled receptor G protein-coupled receptor kinase GAS GATA3 GOPC GPCR GRK GSK3β GTP Group A Streptococcus pyogenes ICER/CREM IFN IL IPEX IS Infection JAK JNK Janus kinase LAT LDL receptor-related protein LEF LRP Lck MAPK MHC MMP MS MTOC NF-κB NICD NO Notch intracellular domain PGE2 RA RCA SLE SNP SP-1 SPAK STAT STP region Ste20/SPS-1-related kinase T cell receptor T helper cell/response T-bet T-box transcription factor TBX21 T-cell factor/lymphocyte-enhancer-binding factor TCR TER TLR Th Th1 cells Toll-like receptor UT a disintegrin and metalloproteinase aHUS activator protein 1 age-related macular degeneration atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome c-Jun amino-terminal kinase chemokine (C-C motif) ligand complement control protein domain delta-like ligand dendritic cell extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 glycogen synthase kinase 3β golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif-containing protein guanine triphosphate human homologue of Discs Large (DLG) Drosophila immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked-like immunological synapse inducible cAMP early repressor/cAMP response element modulator interferon interleukin linker for activation of T cells lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase major histocompatibility complex matrix metalloproteinase microtubule organizing centre mitogen-activated protein kinase multiple sclerosis nTreg natural regulatory T cell nitric oxide nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells prostaglandin E2 regulators of complement activity rheumatoid arthritis serine, threonine, proline-rich region signal transducer and activator of transcription single-nucleotide polymorphism specificity protein 1 systemic lupus erythematosus trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA3 transepithelial resistance untranslated region

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Cellular Biology

Background:

The complement system is essential for innate immunity, identifying and clearing pathogens.
Emerging research reveals the complement system's significant role in regulating adaptive immunity and immune cell induction.
CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) is identified as a key regulator in immune activation and adaptive immunity modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on CD46-mediated signaling pathways.
To summarize the functional consequences of CD46 signaling on immune cells, with a focus on CD4(+) T cells.
To discuss the therapeutic potential and challenges of modulating CD46.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on CD46.
Analysis of CD46-mediated signaling events.
Examination of CD46's functional impact on immune-competent cells, particularly CD4(+) T cells.

Main Results:

CD46 acts as a critical sensor of immune activation.
CD46 significantly modulates adaptive immune responses.
CD46 signaling influences the function of CD4(+) T cells.

Conclusions:

CD46 plays a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immunity.
Understanding CD46-mediated pathways offers insights into immune regulation.
Therapeutic targeting of CD46 presents opportunities and challenges for immune-related diseases.