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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
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cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

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Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro
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Prolactin and adipose tissue.

Nadège Carré1, Nadine Binart1

  • 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.

Biochimie
|October 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Prolactin (PRL) signaling impacts energy balance by influencing the pancreas and adipose tissue. This review explores prolactin

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolism
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Prolactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone with diverse physiological roles, including lactation and reproduction.
  • Emerging evidence highlights PRL's significant impact on energy homeostasis, particularly its effects on the pancreas and adipose tissue.
  • Adipose tissue, recognized as an endocrine organ, plays a critical role in metabolic health and diseases like obesity and diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of prolactin (PRL) signaling pathways.
  • To elucidate the role of PRL in regulating adipose tissue function and energy balance.
  • To explore PRL's influence on adipogenesis and the plasticity of white adipose tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on prolactin signaling and adipose tissue.
Keywords:
AdipocyteMetabolismProlactin

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  • Analysis of studies involving prolactin receptor deficient mice to understand PRL's in vivo effects.
  • Examination of research on PRL's impact on white, brown, and beige adipocyte differentiation and function.

    • Main Results:

    • PRL signaling is integral to regulating adipogenesis, impacting energy balance and metabolic adaptation, especially during development.
    • PRL signaling actively participates in the differentiation and function of brown adipose tissue.
    • PRL receptor deficiency directly demonstrates the involvement of PRL signaling in adipogenesis and energy balance.

    Conclusions:

    • PRL signaling is a key hormonal regulator of energy balance through its actions on adipose tissue.
    • PRL influences both white and brown adipose tissue, affecting energy storage and expenditure.
    • Further research into PRL signaling offers novel insights into the hormonal regulation of metabolism and obesity.