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Related Concept Videos

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
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Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

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Decoding visual object categories in early somatosensory cortex.

Fraser W Smith1, Melvyn A Goodale2

  • 1School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|October 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Even early somatosensory cortex (S1 and S2) processes visual object categories. This cross-modal information, particularly for familiar objects, is linked to learned associations, influencing sensory processing.

Keywords:
S1S2multisensorymultivoxel pattern analysisposterior parietal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Cortical neurons receive contextual input across sensory modalities.
  • Experience links different sensory aspects of objects, potentially enabling cross-modal information transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if early somatosensory cortex (S1, S2) contains visual object category information.
  • To explore the role of learned associations in cross-modal sensory processing.

Main Methods:

  • Two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments.
  • Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and whole-brain searchlight decoding.

Main Results:

  • Reliable decoding of familiar visual object categories in bilateral S1 and right S2.
  • Decoding was specific to familiar objects in S1.
  • Parietal lobe areas were identified as potential mediators of visual-somatosensory interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Early somatosensory processing stages (S1, S2) contain content-specific information about visual object categories.
  • This demonstrates cross-modal integration occurring at the earliest levels of somatosensory cortex for familiar objects.