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Related Concept Videos

Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design01:28

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Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Pathology in drug discovery and development.

Adrian M Jubb1, Hartmut Koeppen, Jorge S Reis-Filho

  • 1Department of Product Development - Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.

The Journal of Pathology
|October 15, 2013
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Pathologists must become translational biologists to address challenges in drug discovery. This involves detailed molecular classification and multiplex diagnostics for personalized medicine, moving beyond single-agent therapies.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Translational Biology
  • Biomarker Science

Background:

  • Drug discovery faces challenges due to disease heterogeneity, necessitating advanced molecular classifications.
  • Single companion diagnostics will be replaced by multiplex diagnostics for comprehensive therapeutic area analysis.
  • The focus is shifting from single-agent drugs to understanding resistance mechanisms for effective drug combinations.

Discussion:

  • Pathologists must evolve into translational biologists and biomarker scientists to remain central to disease diagnosis and management.
  • Examples in lung cancer and melanoma illustrate this transformation, while ophthalmology and oncology immunotherapies show potential.
  • Classifying glioblastoma and personalizing treatment are key areas for therapeutic revolution.

Key Insights:

  • Multiplex diagnostics and understanding resistance are crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Pathologists' role is expanding to encompass molecular taxonomy and biomarker development.
  • Overcoming challenges like heterogeneity and regulatory hurdles is essential for progress.

Outlook:

  • Standardization, training, and leadership are needed to integrate molecular insights into routine practice.
  • Translating scientific advancements into patient benefit requires pathology's central role in drug discovery.
  • The future involves personalized treatment strategies driven by detailed molecular understanding.