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Epidemiological Features of Aplastic Anemia in Indian Children

Vineeta Gupta1, Raghvendra Pratap, Akash Kumar

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India, vineetaguptabhu@gmail.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|October 15, 2013
PubMed

Insights

This study analyzed aplastic anemia in children, finding most cases were idiopathic. Few patients received immunosuppressive therapy, with suboptimal responses observed, highlighting the need for a national registry.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare but serious bone marrow failure disorder.
  • Understanding the characteristics of pediatric AA is crucial for effective management.
  • Socio-demographic and clinical profiles vary geographically and by age group.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the socio-demographic and clinico-hematological features of pediatric aplastic anemia.
  • To analyze presenting symptoms, disease severity, and treatment outcomes in children with AA.
  • To identify potential etiological factors, including viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 185 children diagnosed with aplastic anemia (excluding inherited bone marrow failure syndromes).
  • Data collection included epidemiology, clinical presentation, hematological parameters, and treatment received.
  • Serological testing for various viruses (Hepatitis A, B, C, E, EBV, Parvovirus, HIV) and cytogenetic studies were performed.

Main Results:

  • The median age of affected children was 8 years, with a male predominance (2.4:1 ratio).
  • Pallor, bleeding manifestations, and fever were the most common symptoms.
  • Severe (70%) and very severe (21%) aplastic anemia were frequent; viral markers were positive in a significant proportion of patients, and only 30 patients received immunosuppressive therapy with suboptimal response (29.7%).

Conclusions:

  • The majority of pediatric aplastic anemia cases in this cohort were idiopathic.
  • Severe and very severe forms of aplastic anemia were prevalent.
  • Limited access to and suboptimal response to immunosuppressive therapy underscore the need for a national registry to improve data collection and patient care.
Abstract

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