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The State-Trait Hopelessness Scale: development and testing.

Susan L Dunn1, Grace B Olamijulo, Heather L Fuglseth

  • 11Hope College, Holland, MI, USA.

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PubMed
Summary

A new scale differentiates state and trait hopelessness, crucial for understanding coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and recovery. This tool aids clinical settings and intervention studies for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychological Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Health Psychology

Background:

  • Hopelessness is a known predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) development and can negatively impact patient recovery post-event.
  • Existing measures often fail to distinguish between temporary (state) and enduring (trait) hopelessness, hindering targeted interventions.
  • Differentiating state from trait hopelessness is vital for effective treatment strategies in cardiac patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale (STHS) to differentiate between state and trait hopelessness.
  • To assess the reliability and validity of the STHS in diverse populations, including college students and CHD patients.
  • To provide a psychometrically sound instrument for use in clinical and research settings concerning hopelessness and cardiovascular health.

Main Methods:

  • The State-Trait Hopelessness Scale (STHS) was developed and initially tested on college students (n=39, 190) and CHD patients (n=44).
  • The scale was subsequently administered to a larger cohort of 520 patients with CHD for further validation.
  • Reliability (Cronbach's α) and validity (concurrent, predictive) were confirmed; exploratory factor analyses were conducted on both subscales.

Main Results:

  • The STHS demonstrated strong reliability for both State (α=.88) and Trait (α=.91) subscales.
  • Exploratory factor analyses revealed two distinct factors for both State and Trait subscales, explaining substantial variance (58.9% and 57.3%, respectively).
  • Concurrent and predictive validity were confirmed, supporting the scale's ability to measure hopelessness accurately.

Conclusions:

  • The State-Trait Hopelessness Scale (STHS) is a reliable and valid instrument for differentiating state and trait hopelessness.
  • The findings support the STHS's utility in clinical practice for assessing hopelessness in patients, particularly those with CHD.
  • The scale is recommended for future intervention studies targeting hopelessness in various populations and clinical contexts.