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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

3.4K
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
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Minimum reporting standards for copers in chronic ankle instability research.

Erik A Wikstrom, Cathleen N Brown

    Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
    |October 15, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Individuals who experience lateral ankle sprains (LASs) but do not develop chronic ankle instability (CAI) are termed "copers." This review recommends standardized definitions and criteria for identifying copers in research to better understand recovery from LASs.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Orthopedics
    • Rehabilitation Science

    Background:

    • Lateral ankle sprains (LASs) are common sports injuries, often leading to chronic ankle instability (CAI).
    • Current research comparing CAI to healthy controls is insufficient for understanding why some individuals do not recover post-LAS.
    • Identifying 'copers'—those with LAS but without CAI—offers a more relevant comparison group.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and standardize definitions, terminology, and inclusion/exclusion criteria for 'copers' in the chronic ankle instability (CAI) literature.
    • To establish clear guidelines for future research on individuals who recover from lateral ankle sprains (LASs).

    Main Methods:

    • A systematic review of the literature was conducted.
    • Studies were screened for explicit definitions and criteria for 'copers'.
    • Data on coper definitions, terminology, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and injury characteristics were extracted from 21 studies.

    Main Results:

    • The term 'coper' is widely used (15 studies) and recommended for individuals with LAS who do not develop CAI.
    • Recommended definition components for copers: initial LAS, absence of CAI symptoms, and a time-since-injury component.
    • Specific inclusion criteria include a qualifying LAS, 12-month return to moderate activity without instability, and minimal disability. Exclusion criteria include recent acute injuries, prior ankle fractures/surgeries, and pain.

    Conclusions:

    • Standardized definitions and criteria for 'copers' are crucial for advancing research on lateral ankle sprain (LAS) recovery and chronic ankle instability (CAI).
    • Future studies should adopt consistent terminology and reporting standards for better comparability.
    • Implementing these recommendations will enhance understanding of factors influencing recovery and the development of CAI.