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2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)01:06

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy, or COSY, is a 2-dimensional NMR technique that provides information about coupled protons. Typically, the geminal and vicinal coupling are observed. For example, consider the COSY spectrum of ethyl acetate, where its 1D proton NMR spectrum is plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes with their corresponding chemical shift scale. Three spots on the diagonal corresponding to the three peaks in the 1D proton spectrum are called diagonal peaks. The COSY...
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2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
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2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

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Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
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2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

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Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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Two-dimensional semi-LASER correlation spectroscopy with well-maintained cross peaks.

Meijin Lin1, Anand Kumar, Shaolin Yang

  • 1University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|October 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new 2D semi-adiabatically localized COSY sequence (sLASER-first-COSY) improves metabolite quantification by maintaining strong cross-peaks. This method overcomes limitations in spatial magnetization transfer found in older 2D localized correlation spectroscopy (L-COSY) techniques.

Keywords:
chemical shift displacement error (CSDE)correlation spectroscopy (COSY)cross peaklocalization by adiabatic selective refocusing (LASER)magnetization transfertwo-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) localized correlation spectroscopy (L-COSY) is crucial for metabolite quantification.
  • Limited bandwidth in the second radiofrequency (RF) pulse of L-COSY causes spatially dependent magnetization transfer, attenuating cross-peaks.
  • This attenuation hinders accurate metabolite analysis in coupled spin systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate how the limited bandwidth of the second RF pulse in 2D L-COSY causes signal loss.
  • To introduce a novel 2D semi-adiabatically localized COSY sequence to address this issue.
  • To validate the performance of the new sequence against existing methods.

Main Methods:

  • A new 2D sequence, "sLASER-first-COSY," was developed by integrating the semi-localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (semi-LASER or sLASER) method.
  • The sequence utilizes a slice-selective first 90° RF pulse and a non-slice-selective second 90° RF pulse.
  • Experiments were conducted on phantoms, ex vivo tissues, and in vivo human brains, comparing sLASER-first-COSY with a previously reported sLASER-last-COSY sequence.

Main Results:

  • The sLASER-first-COSY sequence demonstrated superior performance in phantom, ex vivo, and in vivo human brain experiments.
  • It produced stronger cross-peaks compared to the sLASER-last-COSY sequence.
  • Higher ratios of cross-peak volumes to diagonal peak volumes were observed with sLASER-first-COSY.

Conclusions:

  • The sLASER-first-COSY sequence effectively maintains cross-peak integrity, which is essential for 2D COSY.
  • This advancement facilitates more reliable and accurate quantification of metabolites within coupled spin systems.
  • The proposed sequence offers significant improvements for metabolite analysis in magnetic resonance spectroscopy.