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Tetrel-bonding interaction: rediscovered supramolecular force?

Antonio Bauzá1, Tiddo J Mooibroek, Antonio Frontera

  • 1Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Baleares (Spain).

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|October 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tetrel bonds are directional noncovalent interactions involving Group IV atoms and negative sites, characterized by a positive electrostatic potential region. These interactions are energetically comparable to hydrogen bonds.

Keywords:
ab initio calculationsgroup 14 elementsnoncovalent interactionssiliconsupramolecular chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Tetrel bonds are a type of noncovalent interaction.
  • They involve a covalently bonded atom from Group IV (e.g., carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead).
  • These interactions occur with a negative site, such as a lone pair on a Lewis base or an anion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and explain the nature of tetrel bonds.
  • To highlight the role of the sigma-hole (σ-hole) in tetrel bonding.
  • To compare the energetic properties of tetrel bonds with other noncovalent interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of chemical bonding.
  • Examination of electrostatic potential distributions.
  • Energetic comparisons with known noncovalent interactions like hydrogen bonds.

Main Results:

  • Tetrel bonds are directional noncovalent interactions.
  • A key feature is the presence of a positive electrostatic potential region, termed a sigma-hole (σ-hole).
  • The energetic strength of tetrel bonds is comparable to that of hydrogen bonds.

Conclusions:

  • Tetrel bonds represent a significant class of noncovalent interactions.
  • The sigma-hole is crucial for understanding the formation and strength of tetrel bonds.
  • These interactions have implications for molecular recognition, crystal engineering, and supramolecular chemistry.