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Related Concept Videos

The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Self-assembled apatite on multiwalled carbon nanotubes substrates support osteogenic cell function.

Osa Emohare1, Neil Rushton

  • 1Orthopaedic Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2AF, UK.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials
|October 15, 2013
PubMed
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A novel apatite coating on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) enhances their use in bone tissue engineering. This coating supports osteoblast growth and differentiation, overcoming MWCNT hydrophobicity for better biomaterial applications.

Keywords:
apatite structurebiomimetic materialbonebone tissue engineeringcarbon

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) possess properties suitable for bone-like materials in tissue engineering.
  • The inherent hydrophobicity of MWCNT has limited their application in biological matrices.
  • A need exists for surface modifications to improve MWCNT biocompatibility for osteogenic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel method for coating MWCNT with apatite.
  • To assess the ability of apatite-coated MWCNT to support osteoblast growth, differentiation, and function.
  • To investigate the influence of MWCNT purity and chemical functionalization on apatite coating and cell response.

Main Methods:

  • Apatite coating was deposited on MWCNT embedded in high-density polyethylene.
  • Cell metabolic activity (MTS assay), proliferation (CyQuant assay), and differentiation (alkaline phosphatase assay) were measured.
  • Cytotoxicity was assessed via lactate dehydrogenase release.

Main Results:

  • Apatite coating successfully facilitated osteoblast growth and differentiation comparable to traditional tissue culture surfaces.
  • Both high-purity (>95%) and standard-purity (>90%) MWCNT, as well as carboxyl-functionalized variants, accepted apatite coating.
  • Non-carboxylated, apatite-coated MWCNT demonstrated cell function comparable to tissue culture plastic; carboxyl-functionalized surfaces showed reduced growth and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • A simple apatite coating method effectively renders MWCNT suitable for bone tissue engineering applications.
  • Apatite-coated MWCNT, particularly non-carboxylated forms, provide a biocompatible surface supporting osteogenic cell functions.
  • This approach overcomes MWCNT hydrophobicity, enabling their broader use in developing bone-like biomaterials.