Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.9K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
1.9K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.1K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.7K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.2K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.2K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.2K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.3K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optical neuromorphic computing via temporal up-sampling and trainable encoding on a telecom device platform.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)·2025
Same author

Targeted Avoidance in Complex Networks.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Inferring structure of cortical neuronal networks from activity data: A statistical physics approach.

PNAS nexus·2025
Same author

Complete realization of energy landscapes and non-equilibrium trapping dynamics in small spin glass and optimization problems.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Understanding the stochastic dynamics of sequential decision-making processes: A path-integral analysis of multi-armed bandits.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2023
Same author

A high-frequency mobility big-data reveals how COVID-19 spread across professions, locations and age groups.

PLoS computational biology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.0K

Self-sustained clusters and ergodicity breaking in spin models.

Chi Ho Yeung1, David Saad

  • 1Nonlinearity and Complexity Research Group, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analytically links self-sustained spin clusters to ergodicity breaking in Ising and Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) models, revealing new phenomena like first-order phase transitions in SK ferromagnets.

More Related Videos

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.5K
Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.0K
Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.5K
Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Spin systems

Background:

  • Ergodicity breaking is crucial in complex systems.
  • Spin clusters are poorly understood in relation to state space.
  • Ising and Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) models are fundamental spin systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically link self-sustained spin clusters to ergodicity breaking.
  • To establish a correspondence between spin space and state space.
  • To explore phenomena in Ising and SK models.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical investigation of self-sustained spin clusters.
  • Examination of cluster behavior across different phases (paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, spin glass).
  • Application to fully connected Ising and SK models.

Main Results:

  • A direct analytical link between spin clusters and ergodicity breaking was established.
  • Absence of clusters in paramagnetic phase, one dominant cluster in Ising ferromagnet.
  • Formation of nontrivial clusters in SK spin glass.
  • Discovery of unobserved phenomena, including a first-order phase transition in SK ferromagnet cluster sizes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides a new lens to understand spin systems.
  • The correspondence between spin clusters and ergodicity breaking is robust.
  • The approach can be extended to investigate other spin models.