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Related Experiment Video

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Pore-scale micro-computed-tomography imaging: nonwetting-phase cluster-size distribution during drainage and

A Georgiadis1, S Berg, A Makurat

  • 1Shell Global Solutions International BV, Rijswijk, The Netherlands and Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Investigating nonwetting phase clusters in porous media using micro-computed tomography (μCT), we found that most of the nonwetting phase volume resides in large clusters. These clusters exceed the representative elementary volume (REV), indicating a larger REV for two-phase flow than typically assumed.

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Area of Science:

  • Porous Media Physics
  • Multiphase Flow
  • Advanced Imaging Techniques

Background:

  • Understanding fluid distribution in porous media is crucial for various geoscience and engineering applications.
  • The concept of a representative elementary volume (REV) is fundamental for characterizing porous media properties.
  • Previous studies have primarily focused on single-phase flow or lacked pore-scale resolution for two-phase flow analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cluster-size distribution of the residual nonwetting phase in a porous medium under two-phase flow conditions.
  • To determine if the porosity-based representative elementary volume (REV) is adequate for characterizing two-phase flow phenomena.
  • To use nonwetting-phase cluster-size distribution as an indicator for the two-phase REV.

Main Methods:

  • Micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging was employed to achieve pore-scale resolution.
  • Image analysis was used to obtain cluster-size distribution functions and cluster volumes.
  • Experiments were conducted under both imbibition and drainage conditions for a range of injected pore volumes.

Main Results:

  • Most of the nonwetting phase total volume was contained in clusters significantly larger (one to two orders of magnitude) than the porosity-based REV.
  • The largest observed clusters constituted 65% to 99% of the total nonwetting phase within the field of view.
  • Observed largest clusters were statistically underrepresented and smaller than the estimated maximum cluster length.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that the two-phase representative elementary volume (REV) is larger than the field of view achievable with current μCT scanning capabilities at resolutions suitable for accurate cluster connectivity determination.
  • The porosity-based REV is insufficient for characterizing the spatial distribution and connectivity of the nonwetting phase in this sintered glass-bead porous medium.
  • Further research with larger field-of-view imaging techniques or advanced analysis methods is needed to fully characterize the two-phase REV.