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Related Concept Videos

Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
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Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

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When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Capillary Beds01:20

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Capillary beds are networks of tiny blood vessels that play a crucial role in the circulatory system. These beds are where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and surrounding tissues. Each capillary bed consists of numerous capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body, typically only one cell-thick. This thinness allows for the efficient diffusion of substances.
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Capillaries and Their Types01:20

Capillaries and Their Types

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Capillaries, a crucial constituent of the circulatory system, are diminutive vessels with a diameter between 5–10 micrometers, accommodating perfusion to the tissues through the phenomenon known as microcirculation. Through their permeable walls, consisting of an endothelial layer ensconced by a basement membrane and sporadically dispersed smooth muscle fibers, the exchange of substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid becomes plausible. Variance in wall composition exists,...
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Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

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Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Capillary-based Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Size-controllable Formation of Monodisperse Microdroplets
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Finite-depth capillary-gravity dromions.

Yong Liang1, Mohammad-Reza Alam

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Capillary-gravity dromions, localized waves described by the Davey-Stewartson equation, exist in broader conditions than previously thought. This study demonstrates their presence in finite water depths and with weaker surface tension effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Nonlinear Wave Phenomena
  • Mathematical Physics

Background:

  • The Davey-Stewartson equation models weakly nonlinear capillary-gravity wave packets.
  • Dromion solutions, a type of localized wave, were previously known to exist only in shallow water with strong surface tension (kh≪1, Bo>1/3).
  • This limitation restricted the understanding of these complex wave structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence of capillary-gravity dromions beyond the established shallow water and strong surface tension limits.
  • To determine if these localized waves persist in finite water depths and with weaker surface tension.
  • To expand the known parameter space for dromion solutions in fluid dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the Davey-Stewartson equation.
  • Mathematical investigation of dromion solutions.
  • Exploration of parameter space including finite water depths (kh ≥ O(1)) and subcritical Bond numbers (Bo < 1/3).

Main Results:

  • Capillary-gravity dromions are shown to exist for a broader range of conditions than previously established.
  • These localized waves persist in finite water depths (kh ≥ O(1)).
  • Dromions are also found to exist for subcritical Bond numbers (Bo < 1/3), indicating weaker surface tension effects.

Conclusions:

  • The existence of capillary-gravity dromions is not limited to the shallow water and strong surface tension regime.
  • These findings broaden the understanding of nonlinear wave packet dynamics in fluids.
  • The study highlights the robustness of dromion solutions across different water depths and surface tension regimes.