Gating current harmonics. II. Model simulations of axonal gating currents

A kinetic model of sodium activation gating is presented. The kinetics are based on harmonic analysis of gating current data obtained during large-amplitude sinusoidal voltage clamp in dynamic steady state. The technique classifies gating kinetic schemes into groups based on patterns of the harmonic content in the periodic gating current records. The kinetics that simulate the experimental data contain two independently constrained processes. The model predicts (a) sizable gating currents in response to hyperpolarizing voltage steps from rest; (b) a substantial increase in the initial peak of the gating current following voltage steps from prehyperpolarized potentials; (c) a small delay in the onset of sodium ion current following voltage steps from prehyperpolarized potentials; and (d) flickering during the open state in single channel current records. Although fundamentally different in kinetic structure from the Hodgkin-Huxley model, the present model reproduces the phenomenological development of Na conductance during the initiation and development of action potentials. The implications for possible gating mechanisms are discussed. A model gate is presented.