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Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...

Humoral Immune Responses

Humoral Immune Responses

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...

Development of Immunocompetence

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

What is the Immune System?

What is the Immune System?

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Human primary immunodeficiencies causing defects in innate immunity.

Tiffany Wong¹, Joanne Yeung, Kyla J Hildebrand

¹Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|October 16, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in genomics have identified new genetic causes of primary immunodeficiencies affecting innate immunity. This review highlights key discoveries in Toll-like receptor signaling, phagocyte function, and congenital asplenia, aiding clinical diagnosis and treatment.

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

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Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies

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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Immunology
Genetics
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Primary immunodeficiencies impacting innate immunity are increasingly recognized.
Advances in genome sequencing have accelerated the discovery of novel genetic defects.

Purpose of the Study:

To review significant advances in innate immunodeficiencies over the past 18 months.
To provide clinical context for integrating new discoveries into practice.
To highlight key areas of recent progress in innate immune defects.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent publications (last 18 months).
Focus on defects in Toll-like receptor signaling, phagocyte function, and congenital asplenia.
Analysis of clinical implications and diagnostic challenges.

Main Results:

Advances in Toll-like receptor signaling defects increase susceptibility to viral infections like herpes simplex encephalitis.
Defects in phagocyte function predispose individuals to mycobacterial infections.
New genes responsible for isolated congenital asplenia have been identified.

Conclusions:

Genome sequencing has dramatically advanced the field of innate immunodeficiency.
New discoveries enable specific molecular diagnoses and tailored therapies.
Challenges remain in developing cost-effective diagnostic approaches for novel immunodeficiencies.