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Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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The Red Book through the ages.

Larry K Pickering1, Georges Peter, Stanford T Shulman

  • 1National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS A-27, Atlanta, GA 30333. lpickering@cdc.gov.

Pediatrics
|October 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Red Book has evolved since 1938, incorporating advances in infectious disease and public health to guide medical professionals. It now covers over 160 diseases, with many preventable by vaccines.

Keywords:
American Academy of PediatricsRed Bookhistorypediatricsvaccine development

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The Red Book, first published in 1938, has served as a vital resource for pediatricians.
  • It aims to inform the medical community about infectious diseases affecting infants, children, and adolescents.

Observation:

  • Significant advancements in infectious disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention have occurred since 1938.
  • Many pathogens and disease complexes have emerged or been better understood over time.
  • Vaccine-preventable diseases have dramatically reduced childhood morbidity and mortality.

Findings:

  • 13 of the 18 diseases in the 1938 Red Book are now vaccine-preventable.
  • The scope of the Red Book has expanded from 18 to over 160 diseases/organisms by 2012.
  • The Red Book has adapted to include new pathogens, diagnostic techniques, and therapies.

Implications:

  • The Red Book remains a fundamental guide for diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of infectious diseases.
  • Its continued evolution is crucial for practitioners to stay abreast of rapid biomedical discoveries.
  • Future editions will ensure its relevance in various electronic formats for clinical support.