Different neurodevelopmental symptoms have a common genetic etiology
Erik Pettersson1, Henrik Anckarsäter, Christopher Gillberg
1Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|October 17, 2013
Summary
A general genetic factor underlies the overlap in neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting a unified approach to treatment. Specific genetic and environmental factors also contribute to individual symptom presentation.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Genetics
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders exhibit significant overlap despite distinct diagnostic criteria.
- Investigating a potential general factor for this overlap is crucial.
- Determining the genetic or environmental origin of this factor is a key research question.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify a general factor explaining the overlap in neurodevelopmental problems.
- To ascertain if this factor is primarily genetic or environmental.
- To explore syndrome-specific genetic and environmental covariation beyond the general factor.
Main Methods:
- Interviews with parents of Swedish twins (9- and 12-year-olds).
- Structural equation modeling applied to 6,595 twin pairs.
- Analysis of 53 neurodevelopmental problems, including autism spectrum disorders and ADHD.
Main Results:
- A single general genetic factor explained substantial phenotypic covariation among symptoms.
- Specific genetic subfactors identified impulsivity, learning problems, and tics/autism.
- Unique environmental factors linked to autism, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and inattention/learning problems.
Conclusions:
- A general genetic factor accounts for widespread overlap in neurodevelopmental symptoms.
- This finding emphasizes addressing broad patient needs over specific diagnoses.
- Unique genetic and environmental factors offer insights into diagnosis, treatment, and individual variability.
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