Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 6, 2026

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
Published on: December 17, 2017
Characterizing wheeze phenotypes to identify endotypes of childhood asthma, and the implications for future
Danielle C M Belgrave1, Adnan Custovic, Angela Simpson
1Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Abstract:
It is now a commonly held view that asthma is not a single disease, but rather a set of heterogeneous diseases sharing common symptoms. One of the major challenges in treating asthma is understanding these different asthma phenotypes and their underlying biological mechanisms. This review gives an epidemiological perspective of our current understanding of the different phenotypes that develop from birth to childhood that come under the umbrella term 'asthma'. The review focuses mainly on publications from longitudinal birth cohort studies where the natural history of asthma symptoms is observed over time in the whole population. Identifying distinct pathophysiological mechanisms for these different phenotypes will potentially elucidate different asthma endotypes, ultimately leading to more effective treatment and management strategies.
Related Concept Videos
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
Asthma I: Introduction
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations
Asthma-I: Introduction

