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Related Concept Videos

Lipids as Anchors01:32

Lipids as Anchors

6.0K
In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains...
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
12.6K
Membrane Lipids01:32

Membrane Lipids

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Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin are the most common phospholipids present in mammalian membranes. At physiological pH, phosphatidylserine is negatively charged, while the other three...
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Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
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Smart "lanthano" proteins for phospholipid sensing.

Shafali Gupta1, Samsuzzoha Mondal, Amit Mhamane

  • 1Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India.

Inorganic Chemistry
|October 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel optical sensor for detecting anionic phospholipids. This "lanthano" protein sensor shows a sixfold increase in luminescence when binding to phosphatidylserine, crucial for cell signaling.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Metal-ion interactions, particularly calcium, with membrane phospholipids are vital for cell signaling.
  • The molecular mechanism involves calcium ions' water molecules being displaced by phospholipid phosphate groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel "turn-on" optical sensing strategy for anionic phospholipids.
  • To utilize a lanthanide-reconstituted protein for selective phospholipid detection.

Main Methods:

  • Devised a novel optical sensing strategy using a lanthanide-reconstituted protein.
  • Employed lifetime measurements to validate the water-displacement mechanism.

Main Results:

  • The developed "lanthano" protein exhibits selective "turn-on" sensing for anionic phospholipids.
  • A significant sixfold enhancement in lanthanide luminescence was observed in the presence of phosphatidylserine.
  • Direct evidence for the water-displacement mechanism was obtained via lifetime measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The novel sensing strategy effectively detects crucial signaling phospholipids like phosphatidylserine.
  • The findings provide a new tool for studying metal-ion-mediated protein-lipid interactions in biological systems.