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Low birth weight: causes and consequences.

Carlos Antonio Negrato1, Marilia Brito Gomes2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Bauru's Diabetics Association, 17012-433 Bauru São Paulo,Brazil.

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
|October 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Early life nutrition impacts adult health. Barker

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Thrifty genes promote energy storage, but imbalances can cause disease.
  • David Barker's hypothesis links intrauterine and early infant events to adult diseases.
  • Adverse stimuli in early life can permanently alter physiology and metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the long-term health consequences of early life nutrition.
  • To investigate the origins of adult-onset diseases.
  • To highlight the importance of prenatal and neonatal periods for health programming.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of epidemiological data, including The Hertfordshire records.
  • Examination of temporal trends in ischemic heart disease incidence.

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  • Correlation of low birth weight and under-nutrition with adult disease rates.

    • Main Results:

    • Higher mortality from ischemic heart disease in individuals with low birth weight and from less affluent areas.
    • Numerous adult diseases identified as having fetal origins.
    • Evidence supporting the critical role of in utero and early postnatal life in disease programming.

    Conclusions:

    • Prenatal and neonatal periods are critical for long-term health programming.
    • Early life nutrition and environmental factors significantly influence adult disease risk.
    • Understanding fetal origins of disease offers opportunities for primary prevention of chronic conditions.