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Genomic selection for feed efficiency in dairy cattle.

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  • 11 Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Agribio, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3083, Australia.

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Improving dairy breeding involves incorporating feed efficiency, such as residual feed intake (RFI), into selection objectives. Accurate genomic prediction of RFI is key for sustainable dairy farming and profitability.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Genetics
  • Agricultural Economics

Background:

  • Feed costs significantly impact dairy system profitability, making feed efficiency a critical trait for breeding objectives.
  • Current dairy breeding objectives often approximate energy needs but do not capture actual feed intake variation.
  • Residual Feed Intake (RFI) offers a potential trait to capture feed intake variation, but requires accurate measurement and genomic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of Residual Feed Intake (RFI) as a selection objective in dairy cattle breeding.
  • To assess the heritability and genomic prediction accuracy for RFI and Dry Matter Intake (DMI).
  • To examine the genetic correlations between RFI and other important traits like fertility.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic prediction models were used to estimate the accuracy of RFI and DMI.
  • Data from multiple international research herds were pooled to assess the impact on prediction accuracy.
  • Genetic correlations between RFI and other traits were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Genomic prediction accuracy for DMI and RFI is estimated around 0.4.
  • Pooling data across herds increased DMI prediction accuracy from 0.33 to 0.35.
  • Weak unfavorable genetic correlations were observed between RFI and fertility.

Conclusions:

  • RFI is a logical breeding objective if genetic parameters are accurately estimated, but requires careful consideration of its genetic correlations with other traits.
  • Including RFI in a multi-trait selection index optimizing net profit is recommended to account for genetic correlations.
  • If uncertainty in genetic parameters persists, Dry Matter Intake (DMI) may be a more preferable selection trait.