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Chorioamnionitis is essential in the evolution of bronchopulmonary dysplasia--the case in favour

Wolfgang Thomas1, Christian P Speer2

  • 1Mutterhaus der Borromaeerinnen, Department of Pediatrics, Feldstr. 6, 54290 Trier, Germany.

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
|October 17, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Chorioamnionitis, an infection during pregnancy, significantly increases the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. This inflammation contributes to both preterm birth and direct lung injury, worsening BPD outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a primary complication in extremely premature infants.
  • Multiple factors contribute to BPD pathogenesis, with antenatal inflammation playing a crucial role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of chorioamnionitis in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
  • To analyze the association between chorioamnionitis and BPD risk in preterm neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence and clinical observational studies.
  • Analysis of animal models simulating chorioamnionitis and its pulmonary effects.
  • Assessment of chorioamnionitis's impact on preterm birth and postnatal complications.

Main Results:

  • Chorioamnionitis induces pulmonary inflammation similar to that observed in BPD.
  • Chorioamnionitis is linked to both gestation-dependent and independent increases in BPD risk.
  • Antenatal inflammation compromises surfactant response and necessitates prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions:

  • Chorioamnionitis is a pivotal factor in BPD development, acting through preterm birth and direct lung injury.
  • Early sepsis and mechanical ventilation, exacerbated by chorioamnionitis, are significant postnatal contributors to BPD.

Keywords:
Chronic lung disease of infancyFetal inflammatory response syndromePrematurity

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