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Memory deficits in late-onset schizophrenia.

Clara Brichant-Petitjean1, Cindy Legauffre, Nicolas Ramoz

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Summary

Late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) patients show intermediate memory performance compared to early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and healthy controls. This suggests LOS may represent a distinct clinical dimension within schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Keywords:
Cognitive deficitsLate-onset schizophreniaMemory impairmentNeuropsychological tests

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) is a debated diagnosis with distinct symptom profiles.
  • Its nosological status and cognitive characteristics remain unclear.
  • Understanding LOS cognition is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the memory cognitive profile of LOS patients.
  • To compare LOS cognitive function with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and healthy controls (HC).
  • To explore the position of LOS within a dimensional framework of schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study comparing LOS (N=25), EOS (N=44), and HC (N=23).
  • Cognitive assessment included Digit Span Tasks, Rey Complex Figure, and Verbal Fluency Tests.
  • Clinical symptoms and functioning assessed using DIGS and PANSS.

Main Results:

  • LOS patients demonstrated significantly better performance than EOS patients on digit span, Rey's figure recall, and phonemic verbal fluency.
  • LOS patients exhibited significantly lower performance than HC on digit span and both verbal fluency tests.
  • These findings indicate an intermediate cognitive profile for LOS.

Conclusions:

  • Late-onset schizophrenia presents with milder memory deficits compared to early-onset schizophrenia.
  • LOS cognitive profile supports a dimensional view of schizophrenia, characterized by predominantly positive symptoms and fewer negative/disorganization symptoms.
  • Further research with larger samples and detailed memory assessments is warranted.