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The insulin-pancreatic acinar axis.

J A Williams, I D Goldfine

    Diabetes
    |October 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Insulin directly regulates pancreatic acinar cells, influencing their function and zymogen release. This establishes a crucial insulin-pancreatic acinar axis vital for overall pancreatic health.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Emerging evidence suggests a direct role for insulin in regulating pancreatic acinar cell function.
    • A portal system exists, transferring blood from pancreatic islets to acinar cells, implying a direct hormonal connection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the direct regulatory effects of insulin on pancreatic acinar cells.
    • To elucidate the functional significance of the insulin-pancreatic acinar axis.

    Main Methods:

    • Morphologic and hemodynamic studies to identify the islet-acinar portal system.
    • Studies in humans with diabetes mellitus and in animals with beta cell toxins.
    • Experiments using perfused rat pancreas and isolated rat and mouse acini.

    Main Results:

    • Insulin is essential for normal acinar cell function, as shown in diabetes and toxin-induced models.
    • Endogenous insulin potentiates zymogen release in the perfused rat pancreas.
    • Insulin binding to acinar cell receptors modulates sugar transport, protein synthesis, and cholecystokinin receptor expression.

    Conclusions:

    • A significant insulin-pancreatic acinar axis exists, playing a key role in pancreatic function.
    • Insulin directly influences acinar cell metabolism, protein synthesis, and receptor regulation.
    • These findings highlight insulin's importance beyond glucose homeostasis for exocrine pancreatic function.

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