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Is naming faces different from naming objects? Semantic interference in a face- and object-naming task.

Alejandra Marful1, Daniela Paolieri, M Teresa Bajo

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This study reveals that semantic interference affects face and object naming differently, especially early in processing. Contextual presentation significantly influences naming speed for both faces and objects.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Ongoing debate on whether face and object naming exhibit equal vulnerability to semantic interference.
  • Conflicting findings in previous research suggest differing interference patterns for faces versus objects.
  • Semantic interference in naming tasks is often attributed to lexical competition from activated category members.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare semantic interference effects in face naming versus object naming.
  • To explore how semantic context (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous) influences face and object naming.
  • To reconcile discrepancies in previous findings regarding face and object naming interference.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments compared face and object naming under semantically homogeneous and heterogeneous contexts across four cycles.
  • Experiment 2 included a reading task with face/object names to assess interference during comprehension.
  • Reaction times were measured to quantify semantic interference and facilitation effects.

Main Results:

  • Significant naming slowing (semantic interference) observed for both faces and objects in homogeneous contexts.
  • Early in processing (first cycle), objects showed facilitation while faces did not, explaining prior discrepancies.
  • Naming tasks showed similar semantic interference for faces and objects; reading tasks showed interference for face names only.

Conclusions:

  • Faces and objects exhibit distinct semantic interference patterns, particularly in early processing stages.
  • Contextual organization plays a crucial role in modulating semantic interference for both categories.
  • Face name reading involves unique processes, likely activating person identity representations, unlike object names.