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Related Concept Videos

Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

647
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
647
Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

Psychological Responses to Stress

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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Stress, interviewer support, and children's eyewitness identification accuracy.

Elizabeth B Rush1, Jodi A Quas1, Ilona S Yim1

  • 1University of California, Irvine.

Child Development
|October 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

High stress combined with a supportive interviewer improved children's ability to reject incorrect suspects in eyewitness identification tasks. This finding is crucial for understanding child witness accuracy and memory development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on how stress impacts eyewitness identification across different developmental stages.
  • No prior studies have examined the combined effects of stress and retrieval context on eyewitness accuracy in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of stress on eyewitness identification in children aged 7–8 and 12–14 years.
  • To determine if retrieval context, specifically interviewer support, moderates the effect of stress on identification accuracy.
  • To explore developmental differences in mnemonic processes related to eyewitness recall under stress.

Main Methods:

  • One hundred fifty-nine children (7–8 and 12–14 years) participated in a laboratory protocol involving a high- or low-stress event with a confederate.
  • Two weeks later, participants attempted to identify the confederate from a photographic lineup.
  • The lineup administrator adopted either a supportive or nonsupportive demeanor during the identification procedure.

Main Results:

  • Children who experienced high stress and were questioned by a supportive interviewer demonstrated the highest accuracy in rejecting target-absent lineups.
  • This suggests that interviewer support can mitigate potential negative effects of stress on eyewitness identification accuracy in children.
  • Developmental differences in stress response and memory recall were implicitly explored.

Conclusions:

  • Interviewer support is a critical factor in eliciting accurate eyewitness identifications from children, particularly following stressful events.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the complex interplay between stress, memory retrieval, and developmental factors in eyewitness testimony.
  • Implications for legal practices and child witness interviewing protocols are discussed.