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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

Published on: January 29, 2013

Back-scatter based whispering gallery mode sensing.

Joachim Knittel¹, Jon D Swaim, David L McAuslan

¹School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.

Scientific Reports

|October 18, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel whispering gallery mode biosensor technique using back-scattered light detection. This method overcomes laser noise limitations, enabling ultrasensitive single-molecule detection for biophysics and biosensing applications.

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Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

Published on: January 29, 2013

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

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Published on: August 5, 2013

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Published on: April 4, 2016

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Biosensing
Optical Physics

Background:

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) biosensors offer selective, label-free detection of single proteins.
Real-time observation of motor molecule motion is possible with quantum-limited sensitivity.
Low-frequency laser noise has historically limited WGM biosensor applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a new technique for WGM sensing that overcomes limitations imposed by technical noise.
To improve sensitivity and enable new applications in single-molecule biophysics and ultrasensitive biosensing.

Main Methods:

Introduced a novel WGM sensing technique based on direct detection of back-scattered light.
This method is inherently immune to frequency noise and suppresses thermorefractive noise.
Demonstrated 27 dB of frequency noise suppression.

Main Results:

Achieved an absolute frequency shift sensitivity of 76 kHz.
Eliminated frequency noise as a limiting factor for biosensor sensitivity.
Successfully suppressed thermorefractive noise.

Conclusions:

The new back-scattered light detection technique significantly enhances WGM biosensor performance.
This advancement paves the way for advanced single-molecule biophysics studies.
Enables the development of next-generation ultrasensitive biosensors.