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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...

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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

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Published on: September 27, 2012

Organ-specific development characterizes circadian clock gene Per2 expression in rats.

Shin-ya Nishide¹, Kazuaki Hashimoto, Takuya Nishio

¹Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan;

American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology

|October 18, 2013

Summary

Circadian rhythms in rat organs show distinct developmental changes in timing and strength. These findings reveal age-dependent shifts in physiological function timing, highlighting organ-specific clock entrainment.

Keywords:

circadian rhythm clock gene ontogeny peripheral clock suprachiasmatic nucleus

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Area of Science:

Chronobiology
Developmental Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Circadian rhythms are crucial for physiological processes.
Understanding developmental changes in circadian organization is essential.
Peripheral oscillators play key roles in organ function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate developmental alterations in circadian organization of central and peripheral oscillators.
To examine circadian rhythms in clock gene expression across 12 organs during development.
To analyze age-dependent changes in circadian phase and amplitude.

Main Methods:

Utilized transgenic rats with a bioluminescence reporter for Per2.
Cultured organ slices from embryonic day 20 and postnatal day 5 onwards.
Measured circadian rhythms in bioluminescence over 6 days in vitro.

Main Results:

Robust circadian rhythms were detected in all 12 examined organs.
Organ-specific circadian periods remained stable during development.
Significant developmental shifts in circadian phase were observed, with three distinct patterns identified across organs.
Circadian amplitude also exhibited developmental changes in several organs.

Conclusions:

The temporal organization of physiological functions changes significantly during development.
Age-dependent and organ-specific phase relationships among circadian clocks suggest entrainment to distinct developmental time cues.
These findings provide insights into the dynamic nature of circadian organization throughout life.