Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

3.0K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
3.0K
Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

5.6K
The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
5.6K
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

2.9K
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
2.9K
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

714
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
714
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

1.6K
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
1.6K
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

2.0K
Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structural Connectome Alterations in Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood.

Brain topography·2026
Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Cannabinoid-Based Products in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Fragile X Syndrome and Rett Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Aggression in epilepsy and sleep: from historical accounts to brain networks and human behaviour.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Slow-Wave Sleep Fragmentation in Disorders of Arousal and Sleep-Related Hypermotor Epilepsy: A Multicenter Polysomnographic Study.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Socioeconomic status and perception of well-being and mental health support: a three-year COVID-19 study in children with psychopathology and their parents.

Pediatric research·2026
Same author

Beyond seizures: proceedings of the ERN EpiCARE working group 18 on developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

9.4K

Heart rate variability in normal and pathological sleep.

Eleonora Tobaldini1, Lino Nobili, Silvia Strada

  • 1Division of Medicine and Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco," L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan Milan, Italy.

Frontiers in Physiology
|October 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis effectively assesses autonomic nervous system (ANS) function during sleep. HRV reveals distinct cardiovascular autonomic patterns in different sleep stages and diseases, offering clinical insights.

Keywords:
SUDEPautonomic nervous systemheart rate variabilityinsomnianon-linear analysisobstructive sleep apneasleep

More Related Videos

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
08:12

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions

Published on: June 5, 2019

19.9K
Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
05:48

Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology

Published on: September 21, 2018

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

9.4K
Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
08:12

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions

Published on: June 5, 2019

19.9K
Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
05:48

Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology

Published on: September 21, 2018

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Sleep is vital for health, involving complex physiological processes.
  • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) significantly modulates cardiovascular function during sleep.
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is increasingly used to study autonomic cardiovascular control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate autonomic cardiovascular control during sleep using linear and non-linear HRV analyses.
  • To characterize ANS activity across different sleep stages (REM and non-REM).
  • To explore the application of HRV in understanding cardiovascular regulation in health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Linear and non-linear HRV analyses were applied to assess autonomic cardiac modulation.
  • Data from physiological sleep studies were analyzed.
  • HRV tools were used to examine conditions like sleep disorders and sleep disordered breathing (SDB).

Main Results:

  • Non-REM sleep shows parasympathetic predominance, while REM sleep indicates sympathetic predominance with vagal withdrawal.
  • Non-linear HRV indices reveal altered cardiovascular complexity during REM sleep, suggesting reduced stress resilience.
  • HRV analysis successfully characterized autonomic cardiac control in various pathological sleep conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Linear and non-linear HRV analyses are reliable methods for assessing sleep-related autonomic cardiac modulation.
  • HRV provides valuable clinical and prognostic information in both healthy individuals and patients with sleep disorders.
  • Understanding ANS function during sleep via HRV is crucial for managing cardiovascular health.