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Reference values for maximal inspiratory pressure: a systematic review.

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    Summary

    Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) is higher in men and declines with age, particularly after middle age. This meta-analysis provides updated normative MIP values for healthy adults based on a large sample size.

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    Area of Science:

    • Respiratory Physiology
    • Pulmonary Function Testing
    • Evidence-Based Medicine

    Background:

    • Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) is a key indicator of inspiratory muscle strength.
    • Existing normative MIP values show significant variability, potentially due to demographic and methodological differences.
    • Establishing reliable normative MIP data is crucial for clinical assessment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine representative normative MIP values for healthy adults.
    • To synthesize existing research to provide a robust dataset for MIP reference values.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic literature search across major databases (Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Sport Discus).
    • Data abstraction and quality assessment using the QUADAS tool by two independent reviewers.
    • Random-effects meta-analysis to calculate pooled mean MIP values and 95% confidence intervals.

    Main Results:

    • Meta-analysis included data from six studies (n=840) covering ages 18-83 years (426 men, 414 women).
    • MIP demonstrated a decline with increasing age, becoming noticeable in the 40-60 year range and progressing thereafter.
    • Men generally exhibited higher MIP values than women within the same age brackets.

    Conclusions:

    • Normative MIP values are higher in men and decrease with age, with initial declines apparent in middle age.
    • Participant characteristics and measurement techniques significantly influence MIP values in healthy individuals.
    • This meta-analysis offers updated, broad normative MIP data for healthy adults, improving upon previous reports.