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Circadian rhythm disorders among adolescents: assessment and treatment options
Delwyn J Bartlett1, Sarah N Biggs, Stuart M Armstrong
1Sleep and Circadian Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia. delwyn.bartlett@sydney.edu.au.
Abstract:
Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) - a circadian rhythm sleep disorder - is most commonly seen in adolescents. The differential diagnosis between DSPD and conventional psychophysiological insomnia is important for correct therapeutic intervention. Adolescent DSPD sleep duration is commonly 9 hours or more. Depression may be comorbid with DSPD. DSPD has a negative impact on adolescent academic performance. DSPD treatments include bright light therapy, chronotherapeutic regimens, and administration of melatonin as a chronobiotic (as distinct from a soporific). Attention to non-photic and extrinsic factors including healthy sleep parameters is also important to enable better sleep and mood outcomes in adolescents.
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