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Updated: May 6, 2026

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
Published on: August 17, 2022
Intraoperative use of CT imaging
E Bradley Strong1, Travis T Tollefson
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2521 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 7200, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
This article explores intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery. It provides a literature review and practical guidelines for using iCT during surgical procedures.
Area of Science:
- Maxillofacial Surgery
- Medical Imaging
- Radiology
Background:
- Intraoperative imaging is crucial for complex maxillofacial reconstructive procedures.
- Computed tomography (CT) offers detailed anatomical visualization.
- The integration of intraoperative CT (iCT) is evolving in reconstructive surgery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) applications in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery.
- To review existing literature on the use of iCT in this surgical field.
- To offer practical guidelines and techniques for implementing iCT during surgery.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search on intraoperative CT in maxillofacial reconstruction.
- Synthesis of findings to establish current practices and challenges.
- Development of procedural guidelines based on reviewed evidence.
Main Results:
- Intraoperative CT enhances surgical precision and accuracy in complex reconstructions.
- It allows for real-time adjustments and verification of implant placement.
- Challenges include workflow integration and radiation exposure management.
Conclusions:
- Intraoperative CT is a valuable tool for improving outcomes in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery.
- Adherence to established guidelines can optimize its use and mitigate risks.
- Further research can refine techniques and expand iCT applications.
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