Current management of Coats disease

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Retinal Diseases
• Vascular Disorders

Background:

• Coats disease, described in 1908, is an idiopathic condition causing significant vision loss.
• It presents with diverse clinical and morphological features, complicating diagnosis.
• The underlying etiology remains largely unknown, with primary and secondary forms identified.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the history and diagnostic challenges of Coats disease.
• To discuss the evolving clinical spectrum and current management strategies.
• To highlight the role of anti-VEGF therapy in managing Coats disease.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on Coats disease history, diagnosis, and treatment.
• Analysis of clinical and imaging variables for differential diagnosis.
• Evaluation of anti-VEGF therapy's efficacy in managing Coats disease complications.

Main Results:

• Clinical and imaging findings are crucial for differentiating Coats disease from malignancies.
• Accurate diagnosis requires understanding the differential diagnosis of retinal exudative conditions.
• Anti-VEGF therapy has emerged as an effective adjunct for managing exudates, macular edema, and retinal detachment.

Conclusions:

• Coats disease management benefits from a comprehensive understanding of its diverse presentations and differential diagnoses.
• Advances in scientific knowledge have improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
• Anti-VEGF therapy represents a significant advancement in treating Coats disease, improving outcomes for patients with exudates and retinal detachment.