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Extracellular vesicles: structure, function, and potential clinical uses in renal diseases.

F T Borges1, L A Reis, N Schor

  • 1Divisão de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal Paulista, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São PauloSP, Brasil.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Medicas E Biologicas
|October 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are key for intercellular communication and show promise as drug delivery vehicles and diagnostic biomarkers for diseases like cancer and kidney disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in disease.
  • Exosomes and microvesicles are the most studied EVs, differing in size and biogenesis.
  • EVs are found in various biological fluids and are implicated in intercellular communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis and function of EVs, particularly exosomes.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of EVs in diseases.
  • To focus on the role of EVs in renal functions and diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of extracellular vesicle research.
  • Analysis of EV classification based on size, content, and function.
  • Focus on exosomes and microvesicles characterization.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes (40-100 nm) mediate intercellular communication via endosomal pathway.
  • Microvesicles (100-1000 nm) bud from the plasma membrane.
  • EVs offer broad therapeutic potential as drug delivery systems and diagnostic biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, have significant therapeutic potential.
  • Stem cell-derived EVs show promise for treating diseases like kidney disease.
  • Further research into EV mechanisms and applications is warranted.