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Gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in laryngectomized patients.

Ada Salvetti Cavalcanti Caldas1, Vera Lúcia Dutra Facundes, Daniele Andrade da Cunha

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Total laryngectomy surgery significantly impairs smell and taste functions. Patients undergoing this procedure experienced reduced olfactory and gustatory senses, impacting their perception of odors and flavors.

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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Total laryngectomy reroutes airflow from the nasal cavity to a tracheostomy.
  • This anatomical change may affect the olfactory and gustatory systems.
  • Understanding these sensory changes is crucial for patient quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess olfactory and gustatory functions in patients after total laryngectomy.
  • To compare sensory perception between total laryngectomized patients and a control group.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 25 total laryngectomized patients and 25 controls.
  • Taste function was evaluated using gustatory filter paper strips.
  • Olfactory function was assessed using the Brief Smell Identification Test.

Main Results:

  • 80% of laryngectomized patients exhibited hypogeusia (reduced taste) and 88% showed hyposmia (reduced smell).
  • Concomitant hypogeusia and hyposmia affected 72% of the surgical group.
  • Laryngectomized patients demonstrated poorer detection of warning and food-related odors, with bitter taste perception being an exception.

Conclusions:

  • Total laryngectomy leads to a significant decline in both gustatory and olfactory functions.
  • These sensory deficits are prevalent in patients who have undergone the procedure.
  • Further research may explore interventions to mitigate these sensory impairments.