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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

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Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

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Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
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Oral contraceptives: does formulation matter?

Kathryn A Szabo1, Eric A Schaff

  • 1Crozer Keystone Family Medicine Department, Crozer Keystone Health System, Springfield, PA, USA.

The Journal of Family Practice
|October 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Oral contraceptives (OCs) are available in many forms, but it is challenging to identify significant, verifiable differences between various products on the market.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used for family planning and managing gynecological conditions.
  • The market offers numerous OCs with varying hormonal compositions and dosages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and highlight verifiable differences between various oral contraceptive formulations.
  • To provide clarity for healthcare providers and patients regarding product selection.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of available oral contraceptive formulations.
  • Review of product information, clinical studies, and regulatory data.

Main Results:

  • Significant, verifiable differences between many oral contraceptive products are not readily apparent.

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  • Formulation variations exist, but their clinical impact may not always be distinct.

    • Conclusions:

    • Further research and transparent data are needed to better differentiate oral contraceptive options.
    • Educating patients and providers on subtle yet potentially important formulation differences is crucial.