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Clutter modulates the representation of target objects in the human occipitotemporal cortex.

Yaara Erez1, Galit Yovel

  • 1Tel Aviv University.

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Surrounding objects impact how the brain represents target objects in general object areas, but not in specialized category areas. This finding is crucial for understanding visual perception in cluttered environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Goal-directed behavior relies on identifying target objects amidst irrelevant items.
  • Previous neuroimaging studies primarily focused on isolated objects, leaving clutter's effect on neural representation under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different types of visual clutter influence neural representations of target objects in high-level visual areas.
  • To determine if clutter affects object decoding in general object areas versus category-selective regions.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to observe brain activity.
  • Multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to decode neural patterns.
  • Participants identified target objects (faces, houses) presented in isolation, with homogeneous clutter, or with heterogeneous clutter.

Main Results:

  • Heterogeneous clutter, unlike homogeneous clutter, impaired target object decoding in the posterior fusiform object area.
  • Neural patterns for isolated objects were more similar to homogeneous clutter patterns than heterogeneous clutter patterns in lateral occipital and posterior fusiform object areas.
  • No significant effect of clutter was observed on target object representation within category-selective areas (e.g., fusiform face area, parahippocampal place area).

Conclusions:

  • Object general areas show sensitivity to the variability of surrounding objects, affecting neural representations.
  • Object category-selective areas maintain invariant representations of target objects, regardless of surrounding clutter.
  • These findings highlight distinct neural mechanisms for object representation in general versus specialized visual cortex.