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The developmental stages of synaptic plasticity.

Christian Lohmann1, Helmut W Kessels

  • 1C. Lohmann and H. W. Kessels: The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.  Emails: c.lohmann@nin.knaw.nl, h.kessels@nin.knaw.nl.

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Synaptic plasticity rules change during brain development, guiding neuronal circuit rewiring. These shifts in molecular players like NMDA and AMPA receptors support network maturation from birth to independence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Brain development involves precise wiring of neuronal circuits.
  • Synaptic contact strength is crucial for circuit function and plasticity.
  • Understanding developmental changes in synaptic plasticity is key to comprehending brain maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how synaptic plasticity rules evolve during brain development.
  • To focus on postsynaptic changes in excitatory glutamatergic synapses.
  • To correlate these changes with the developing neural network characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing data on synapse structure.
  • Analysis of developmental expression patterns of key plasticity molecules.
  • Examination of pivotal kinases and phosphatases involved in synaptic plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Detailed summary of synapse structure and molecular players.
  • Developmental expression patterns of NMDA and AMPA receptors, kinases, and phosphatases are outlined.
  • Shifts in plasticity molecule usage correlate with network development.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptic plasticity rules are not static but change dynamically during brain development.
  • Gradual shifts in molecular players facilitate the changing needs for neuronal circuit (re)wiring.
  • These developmental adaptations are essential for establishing mature brain function.