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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
27.3K
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

2.6K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
2.6K
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

2.6K
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
2.6K
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

11.8K
Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
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Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

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Presynaptic long-term plasticity.

Ying Yang1, Nicole Calakos

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA.

Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience
|October 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term synaptic plasticity, crucial for learning and memory, involves presynaptic and postsynaptic modifications. This review explores methods, circuits, and molecular pathways of presynaptic long-term synaptic plasticity.

Keywords:
long-term depressionlong-term potentiationneurotransmitter releasepresynaptic plasticitysynaptic plasticitysynaptic vesicle

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Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
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Long-term Potentiation of Perforant Pathway-dentate Gyrus Synapse in Freely Behaving Mice
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
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Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
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Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term Potentiation of Perforant Pathway-dentate Gyrus Synapse in Freely Behaving Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Long-term synaptic plasticity is fundamental for learning, memory, and adaptation.
  • Early research focused on postsynaptic mechanisms, but presynaptic modifications are now recognized.
  • Diverse mechanisms exist for long-term synaptic plasticity involving both pre- and postsynaptic sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging methods for identifying presynaptic plasticity mechanisms.
  • To highlight the diversity of neural circuits exhibiting presynaptic plasticity.
  • To examine the molecular and cellular underpinnings of presynaptic long-term synaptic plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of current and evolving approaches.
  • Review of literature on presynaptic plasticity in various circuits.
  • Examination of molecular pathways and cellular events.

Main Results:

  • Presynaptic mechanisms are a significant component of long-term synaptic plasticity.
  • Presynaptic plasticity has been observed in diverse neural circuits.
  • Specific molecular pathways and cellular events are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Presynaptic forms of long-term synaptic plasticity contribute significantly to neural circuit function.
  • Understanding presynaptic plasticity is key to comprehending learning and memory.
  • Further research into molecular and cellular mechanisms is warranted.