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Updated: May 6, 2026
NiO Nanoflowers for Non-Enzymatic Amperometric Detection of Glucose
Published on: December 30, 2025
A high-performance glucose biosensor using covalently immobilised glucose oxidase on a
Mohammad Ali Kamyabi1, Nasim Hajari, Anthony P F Turner
1Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM-Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstract:
A highly-sensitive glucose biosensor amenable to ultra-miniaturisation was fabricated by immobilisation of glucose oxidase (GOx), onto a poly(2,6-diaminopyridine)/multi-walled carbon nanotube/glassy carbon electrode (poly(2,6-DP)/MWNT/GCE). Cyclic voltammetry was used for both the electrochemical synthesis of poly-(2,6-DP) on the surface of a MWNT-modified GC electrode, and characterisation of the polymers deposited on the GC electrode. The synergistic effect of the high active surface area of both the conducting polymer, i.e., poly-(2,6-DP) and MWNT gave rise to a remarkable improvement in the electrocatalytic properties of the biosensor. The transfer coefficient (α), heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant and Michaelis-Menten constant were calculated to be 0.6, 4 s(-1) and 0.20 mM at pH 7.4, respectively. The GOx/poly(2,6-DP)/MWNT/GC bioelectrode exhibited two linear responses to glucose in the concentration ranging from 0.42 μM to 8.0 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.95, sensitivity of 52.0 μA mM(-1) cm(-2), repeatability of 1.6% and long-term stability, which could make it a promising bioelectrode for precise detection of glucose in the biological samples.
