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Related Concept Videos

Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
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Understanding the evolutionary relationships among microorganisms is fundamental to microbial ecology and taxonomy. Phylogenetic trees are essential tools for inferring these relationships, relying primarily on comparative analyses of molecular sequences such as DNA, RNA, or proteins. In microbial studies, these trees typically depict the evolutionary paths of diverse bacterial and archaeal species by mapping genetic differences accumulated over time.Phylogenetic trees are composed of tips,...
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Molecular taxonomy has revolutionized the understanding and classification of bacteria, providing precise insights into their diversity, evolutionary relationships, and ecological roles. By utilizing molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing and fingerprinting, researchers have made significant strides in various fields related to bacterial studies.Resolving Taxonomic AmbiguitiesMolecular taxonomy has been instrumental in distinguishing closely related bacterial species initially thought to...
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts
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Open-Phylo: a customizable crowd-computing platform for multiple sequence alignment.

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    Open-Phylo is a new platform enabling scientists to use online gamers for solving complex genomics problems. This crowd-computing tool addresses the multiple sequence alignment challenge, democratizing scientific data analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Computational Biology
    • Citizen Science

    Background:

    • Citizen science games leverage online gamers for scientific problem-solving.
    • Current platforms limit data selection and result control to game designers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Introduce Open-Phylo, a crowd-computing platform for scientific research.
    • Enable scientists to utilize gamer crowds for genomic data analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a freely accessible platform, Open-Phylo.
    • Integrated gamer crowdsourcing with computational approaches.
    • Focused on the multiple sequence alignment problem in genomics.

    Main Results:

    • Open-Phylo provides an open system for scientists to engage with gamer crowds.
    • Facilitates the use of collective intelligence for complex computational tasks.
    • Addresses a fundamental challenge in genomics research.

    Conclusions:

    • Open-Phylo democratizes access to crowd-computing power for scientific discovery.
    • Empowers scientists to tackle previously intractable problems in genomics.
    • Advances the application of citizen science in computational biology.