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Carbohydrates: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:15

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Carbohydrates are predominantly obtained from plant sources. With the exception of lactose found in milk and insignificant glycogen amounts in meat, most consumed carbohydrates have plant origins. Monosaccharides and disaccharides, or sugars, can be sourced from fruits, honey, milk, sugar cane, and sugar beets. Grains and vegetables are rich in the polysaccharide starch. Two types of polysaccharides provide fiber: cellulose, which is abundant in many vegetables, forms undigestible roughage or...
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Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the primary macronutrients in the human diet. However, carbohydrates are the most favored source of energy in the body. They can be found in a wide variety of foods, including whole grains, fruit, and vegetables, in various forms, such as sugars, starch, and dietary fiber. Based on their structure, carbohydrates are classified into three main classes— monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The body's cells can only utilize simple...
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In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
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Carbohydrate intake considerations for young athletes.

Veronica Montfort-Steiger1, Craig A Williams

  • 1Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter , UK.

Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
|October 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Young athletes have unique nutritional needs distinct from adults. Carbohydrate intake during exercise may not improve performance in children, suggesting fat or combined nutrients could be better. Further research is essential for tailored guidance.

Keywords:
Exercisechildrendietnutrientssport drinks

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sports Nutrition
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

  • Athletic children and adolescents have higher nutrient demands than non-active peers.
  • Current sports nutrition guidelines for youth are often extrapolated from adult studies.
  • There is a significant gap in age-specific research for young athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review child-specific sports nutrition, focusing on carbohydrate intake and metabolism.
  • To highlight physiological differences between child and adult athletes.
  • To inform tailored nutritional strategies for young athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric sports nutrition.
  • Analysis of physiological characteristics distinguishing child athletes from adults.
  • Examination of carbohydrate metabolism during exercise in youth.

Main Results:

  • Young athletes exhibit different metabolic responses, including higher fat oxidation.
  • Carbohydrate intake during exercise may not enhance performance in this population.
  • Adult sports drinks can impede gastric emptying in young athletes at high intensities.

Conclusions:

  • Child athletes may require different carbohydrate strategies than adults.
  • Fat or combined nutrient intake might be more beneficial during exercise for youth.
  • More research is critically needed in pediatric sports nutrition.