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Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Central auditory processing and word discrimination in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Ayub Valadbeigi1, Farzad Weisi, Nematolah Rohbakhsh

  • 1Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, ayub_audio27@yahoo.com.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients often experience impaired speech perception in noise due to central auditory processing deficits. This study found MS patients have poorer performance on auditory tests assessing temporal resolution and speech discrimination.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Many multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with normal hearing thresholds report difficulties with speech perception, particularly in noisy environments.
  • These hearing difficulties in MS patients are often attributed to underlying deficits in central auditory processing.
  • Understanding these auditory processing challenges is crucial for improving the quality of life for individuals with MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare central auditory processing abilities between patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy individuals.
  • To investigate specific auditory processing aspects including temporal resolution, auditory pattern sequencing, and speech discrimination in noise.
  • To determine the relationship between central auditory processing deficits and the central nervous system involvement in MS.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, non-invasive study involving 26 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 26 age-matched healthy controls.
  • Utilized three audiologic tests: Gap in Noise test (GIN), Duration Pattern Sequence Test (DPST), and Word Discrimination Score (WDS).
  • Measured approximate threshold and correct answer percentage in GIN, correct answer percentage in DPST, and monosyllabic discrimination in WDS.

Main Results:

  • MS patients exhibited a significantly increased approximate threshold and reduced percentage of correct answers in the GIN test (P=0.0001).
  • The average number of correct answers in the DPST was significantly lower in MS patients compared to controls.
  • Performance on the WDS test in quiet environments correlated negatively with GIN threshold in MS subjects (r=-0.624, P=0.003), indicating poorer discrimination with worse temporal resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with MS demonstrate significant deficits in central auditory processing, affecting temporal resolution, auditory pattern recognition, and auditory memory.
  • MS patients experience difficulties in discriminating speech in noisy environments, linked to central nervous system involvement.
  • These findings highlight the importance of audiological assessment in MS patients to identify and address central auditory processing disorders.