Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

805
Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
805
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

460
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
460
Controller Configurations01:22

Controller Configurations

486
Controller configurations are crucial in a car's cruise control system because they manage speed over time to maintain a consistent pace regardless of road conditions, thereby meeting design goals. In traditional control systems, fixed-configuration design involves predetermined controller placement. System performance modifications are known as compensation.
Control-system compensation involves various configurations, most commonly series or cascade compensation, in which the controller...
486
Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

2.0K
Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal...
2.0K
Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

1.1K
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Objective Admissions Data and In-State Practice: What Can We Really Predict?

Family medicine·2025
Same author

Nasopharyngeal Mass in an 11-year-old Female Pediatric Patient.

Pediatrics in review·2021
Same author

A Comparative Case Study Analysis of Cultural Competence Training at 15 U.S. Medical Schools.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·2021
Same author

Analysis of One-Dimensional Ivshin-Pence Shape Memory Alloy Constitutive Model for Sensitivity and Uncertainty.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis of One-Dimensional Tanaka and Liang-Rogers Shape Memory Alloy Constitutive Models.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2019
Same author

Racial/Gender Biases in Student Clinical Decision-Making: a Mixed-Method Study of Medical School Attributes Associated with Lower Incidence of Biases.

Journal of general internal medicine·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
10:51

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

Published on: March 10, 2011

16.1K

The robotic lumbar spine: dynamics and feedback linearization control.

Ernur Karadogan1, Robert L Williams

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
|October 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a robotic lumbar spine (RLS) for medical training, simulating human spinal movements for palpatory diagnosis skills. It enables students to practice identifying lumbar spine dysfunctions before clinical practice.

More Related Videos

Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms
10:32

Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms

Published on: August 15, 2016

15.3K
A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement
06:24

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

Published on: May 11, 2020

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
10:51

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

Published on: March 10, 2011

16.1K
Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms
10:32

Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms

Published on: August 15, 2016

15.3K
A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement
06:24

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

Published on: May 11, 2020

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Robotics in Medicine
  • Medical Education Technology

Background:

  • Medical students require hands-on training for palpatory diagnosis of the lumbar spine.
  • Current training methods may lack standardized assessment of tactile proficiency.
  • A need exists for advanced tools to simulate in vivo human lumbar spine movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the dynamics and nonlinear control of a novel robotic lumbar spine (RLS).
  • To introduce a method for achieving positive, non-zero, and continuous cable tensions.
  • To provide a training tool for medical students to assess palpatory diagnostic skills.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 15 degree-of-freedom, cable-actuated robotic lumbar spine (RLS) mimicking human lumbar anatomy.
  • Implementation of spherical joints between five active lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum.
  • Application of nonlinear control strategies and a novel approach for cable tension calculation.

Main Results:

  • The RLS successfully mimics in vivo human lumbar spine movements (flexion-extension, lateral bending, axial torsion).
  • A new method ensures positive, non-zero, and continuous cable tensions for realistic actuation.
  • The system is designed for training and assessment of palpatory diagnostic skills.

Conclusions:

  • The robotic lumbar spine (RLS) offers a valuable tool for enhancing medical education in lumbar spine examination.
  • The developed control strategy addresses key challenges in cable-actuated robotic systems.
  • The RLS has the potential to improve students' ability to recognize normal and abnormal lumbar spine movement patterns.