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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:

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Updated: May 6, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Biologic therapy for atopic asthma and beyond.

Massimo Caruso¹, Emanuele Crisafulli, Raffaella Lizzio

¹University of Catania-AOU 'Policlinico-V. Emanuele', Department of Clinical and Molecular Bio-Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Catania, Italy.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|October 25, 2013

Summary

New biologic therapies show promise for severe asthma, but clinical trials have yielded disappointing results. Further research into targeted subpopulations and novel targets is crucial for effective severe asthma treatment.

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Last Updated: May 6, 2026

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Pharmacology
Immunology

Background:

Standard therapies effectively manage most asthma cases.
Severe refractory asthma presents a significant unmet medical need.
Development of safer, more effective treatments for severe asthma is a priority.

Purpose of the Study:

Review drugs in development for severe asthma.
Focus on biologics and their mechanism-based rationale.
Examine clinical trial efficacy and safety data for new biologic therapies.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search using Medline.
Selection of publications based on relevance.
Review of existing efficacy and safety data from clinical trials.

Main Results:

Preclinical data for asthma targets, particularly T-helper 2 pathways, are strong.
Clinical trials with specific biologics have been largely disappointing.
Potential for biologics in distinct, targeted subpopulations of severe asthmatics.

Conclusions:

More effort is needed to identify new, efficient therapeutic targets.
Enhanced collaboration between industry, academia, and healthcare professionals is essential.
Further research is required to optimize biologic therapy for severe asthma.