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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Generating pure quantum excitations in fermionic systems is challenging due to complex particle-hole superpositions.
  • Previous predictions suggested specific potentials could create minimal excitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate the on-demand generation of pure quantum excitations (levitons) in a conductor.
  • To explore the potential applications of levitons in quantum information and condensed matter physics.

Main Methods:

  • Applying voltage pulses with a Lorentzian time-dependent potential to a contact to generate quasiparticles.
  • Utilizing an electronic beam splitter to partition excitations and measuring current noise to quantify excitation number.
  • Employing shot-noise spectroscopy and electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel noise correlations for further identification.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated quasiparticles (levitons) on demand using Lorentzian voltage pulses.
  • Observed minimal-excitation states with Lorentzian pulses, unlike other pulse shapes which produced significant hole contributions.
  • Demonstrated leviton properties through energy and time-domain measurements, including Hong-Ou-Mandel correlations.

Conclusions:

  • The generation of levitons is experimentally verified, offering a simplified approach compared to quantum dot-based sources.
  • Levitons hold promise for flying-qubit operations in quantum information processing and scalable quantum circuitry.
  • The technique is adaptable for studying fractional charges, Abelian/non-Abelian quasiparticles, and could extend to cold atomic gases.